Food and Waterborne Pathogens

  1. Name: Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi
  2. Type of organism: Gram-negative bacteria
  3. Transmission: When food or water is contaminated by feces and bacteria and is eaten. Many examples include: uncooked meat, eggs not cooked thoroughly or raw, and also washing food in water that has been contaminated or in contact with feces. Can also be transmitted through the fecal-oral route.
  4. Reservoir: Humans & animals
  5. Geographic regions: Worldwide; many cases in North America and Europe.
  6. Incubation period: 6-72 hours after disease is ingested
  7. Symptoms: cramps, diarrhea, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, etc.
  8. Recovery time: illness usually lasts 2-7 days
  9. Treatments: most people recover without any treatment at all. Severe enough cases involve being hospitalized.
  10. Prevention: cook food THOROUGHLY, wash hands efficiently, do not use or eat anything that contains raw eggs or unpasteurized milk, clean and sanitize any surfaces or materials used when cooking meat.

 

3. Yes, salmonella is invasive. Salmonella can spread throughout the body from the intestines and cause serious, life-threatening complications. This can also create toxins within the host.

 

Salmonella Typhi: https://www.thinglink.com/scene/853894308149854208

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References:

ThingLink. “VM4-G17 SALMONELLA TYPHI.” ThingLink, 4 Apr. 2014, http://www.thinglink.com/scene/853894308149854208.

Giannella, Ralph A. “Salmonella.” Medical Microbiology. 4th Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1996, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8435/.

“Salmonella.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 9 Mar. 2015, http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/prevention.html.

“Salmonella (Non-Typhoidal).” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs139/en/.

Walsh, Michael. “Infection Landscapes.” Salmonellosis, 1 Jan. 1970, http://www.infectionlandscapes.org/2011/10/salmonellosis.html.

Nordqvist, Christian. “Salmonella: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment.” Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 6 Sept. 2017, http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160942.php.

“Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi.” Salmonella Typhi (Typhoid Fever) and S. Paratyphi (Paratyphoid Fever), 17 Oct. 1985, http://www.antimicrobe.org/b106.asp.